Publication details

A Pooled Analysis of Reproductive Factors, Exogenous Hormone Use, and Risk of Multiple Myeloma among Women in the International Multiple Myeloma Consortium

Authors	COSTAS Laura LAMBERT Brice H. BIRMANN Brenda M. MOYSICH Kirsten B. ROOS Anneclaire J. De HOFMANN Jonathan N. BARIS Dalsu WANG Sophia S. CAMP Nicola J. TRICOT Guido ATANACKOVIC Djordje BRENNAN Paul COCCO Pierluigi NIETERS Alexandra BECKER Nikolaus MAYNADIÉ Marc FORETOVÁ Lenka BOFFETTA Paolo STAINES Anthony BROWN Elisabeth E. SANJOSÉ Silvia de
Year of publication	2016
Type	Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source	Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention
MU Faculty or unit	Faculty of Medicine
Citation
Doi	http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-15-0953
Field	Oncology and hematology
Keywords	LYMPHOMAS; COHORT; HEALTH
Description	Background: Female sex hormones are known to have immunomodulatory effects. Therefore, reproductive factors and exogenous hormone use could influence the risk of multiple myeloma in women. However, the role of hormonal factors in multiple myeloma etiology remains unclear because previous investigations were underpowered to detect modest associations. Methods: We conducted a pooled analysis of seven case-control studies included in the International Multiple Myeloma Consortium, with individual data on reproductive factors and exogenous hormone use from 1,072 female cases and 3,541 female controls. Study-specific odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression and pooled analyses were conducted using random effects meta-analyses. Results: Multiple myeloma was not associated with reproductive factors, including ever parous [OR = 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68-1.25], or with hormonal contraception use (OR = 1.04; 95% CI, 0.80-1.36). Postmenopausal hormone therapy users had nonsignificantly reduced risks of multiple myeloma compared with never users, but this association differed across centers (OR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.37-1.15, I-2 = 76.0%, P-heterogeneity = 0.01). Conclusions: These data do not support a role for reproductive factors or exogenous hormones in myelomagenesis. Impact: Incidence rates of multiple myeloma are higher in men than in women, and sex hormones could influence this pattern. Associations with reproductive factors and exogenous hormone use were inconclusive despite our large sample size, suggesting that female sex hormones may not play a significant role in multiple myeloma etiology.