Publication details

Bidirectional air-sea exchange and accumulation of POPs (PAHs, PCBs, OCPs and PBDEs) in the nocturnal marine boundary layer

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Authors

LAMMEL Gerhard MEIXNER Franz X. VRANA Branislav EFSTATHIOU Christos KOHOUTEK Jiří KUKUČKA Petr MULDER Marie Daniëlle PŘIBYLOVÁ Petra PROKEŠ Roman RUSINA Tatsiana SONG Guo-Zheng TSAPAKIS Manolis

Year of publication 2016
Type Article in Periodical
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Science

Citation
Web http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/6381/2016/
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6381-2016
Field Atmosphere sciences, meteorology
Keywords POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; WATER GAS-EXCHANGE; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; PASSIVE SAMPLING DEVICES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DRY DEPOSITION; MEDITERRANEAN-SEA; ATMOSPHERIC OCCURRENCE; BACKGROUND ATMOSPHERE
Description As a consequence of long-range transported pollution, air-sea exchange can become a major source of persistent organic pollutants in remote marine environments. The vertical gradients in the air were quantified for 14 species, i.e. four parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), three polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), three organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and two polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) in the gas-phase at a remote coastal site in the southern Aegean Sea in summer. Most vertical gradients were positive (Delta ca center dot Delta z > 0), indicating downward (net depositional) flux. Significant upward (net volatilisational) fluxes were found for three PAHs, mostly during daytime, and for two OCPs, mostly during night-time, as well as for one PCB and one PBDE during part of the measurements. While phenanthrene was deposited, fluoranthene (FLT) and pyrene (PYR) seem to undergo flux oscillation, hereby not following a day-night cycle. Box modelling confirms that volatilisation from the sea surface has significantly contributed to the night-time maxima of OCPs. Fluxes were quantified based on eddy covariance. Deposition fluxes ranged from -28.5 to +1.8aEuro-A mu gaEuro-m(-2)aEuro-day(-1) for PAHs and -3.4 to +0.9aEuro-A mu gaEuro-m(-2)aEuro-day(-1) for halogenated compounds. Dry particle deposition of FLT and PYR did not contribute significantly to the vertical flux.
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