Publication details
Diphyllin Shows a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity against Multiple Medically Important Enveloped RNA and DNA Viruses
| Authors | |
|---|---|
| Year of publication | 2022 |
| Type | Article in Periodical |
| Magazine / Source | Viruses |
| MU Faculty or unit | |
| Citation | |
| Web | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/2/354 |
| Doi | http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14020354 |
| Keywords | enveloped virus; diphyllin; cleistanthin B; vacuolar ATPase inhibitor; antiviral activity; cytotoxicity |
| Description | Diphyllin is a natural arylnaphtalide lignan extracted from tropical plants of particular importance in traditional Chinese medicine. This compound has been described as a potent inhibitor of vacuolar (H+)ATPases and hence of the endosomal acidification process that is required by numerous enveloped viruses to trigger their respective viral infection cascades after entering host cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Accordingly, we report here a revised, updated, and improved synthesis of diphyllin, and demonstrate its antiviral activities against a panel of enveloped viruses from Flaviviridae, Phenuiviridae, Rhabdoviridae, and Herpesviridae families. Diphyllin is not cytotoxic for Vero and BHK-21 cells up to 100 µM and exerts a sub-micromolar or low-micromolar antiviral activity against tick-borne encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Zika virus, Rift Valley fever virus, rabies virus, and herpes-simplex virus type 1. Our study shows that diphyllin is a broad-spectrum host cell-targeting antiviral agent that blocks the replication of multiple phylogenetically unrelated enveloped RNA and DNA viruses. In support of this, we also demonstrate that diphyllin is more than just a vacuolar (H+)ATPase inhibitor but may employ other antiviral mechanisms of action to inhibit the replication cycles of those viruses that do not enter host cells by endocytosis followed by low pH-dependent membrane fusion. |