Publication details
Border effects in long-distance travel: A literature review
| Authors | |
|---|---|
| Year of publication | 2026 |
| Type | Peer-reviewed scientific article |
| Magazine / Source | Research in Transportation Economics |
| MU Faculty or unit | |
| Citation | |
| web | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0739885926000831 |
| Doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2026.101786 |
| Keywords | Border effects; Gravity model; Passenger transport; Long-distance travel |
| Attached files | |
| Description | In a globalised world, the importance of national borders may appear to be diminishing. However, with regard to transportation, the available empirical evidence indicates that borders continue to play a significant role in shaping transport networks and travel behaviour. This paper provides an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding border effects within long-distance passenger transport. The evidence shows that border effects result in a reduction of transport flows by approximately 35% to nearly 95%. Furthermore, these border effects appear to be declining over time. The determinants of border effects have been discussed, mainly various forms of proximity and agreements. The form and evolution of the gravity model, which represents the primary methodology for identifying a border effect, have also been the subject of discussion. Given that the majority of studies have focused on aviation, evidence regarding border effects within long-distance rail transport is scarce and no evidence exists for coach transport. Further evidence is required, particularly for under-researched transport modes. |
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