Publication details

‘Free to Be Me?’ : Gender Role Norms Constrain Career Interests Less for Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People Than for Heterosexual People

Authors

BLOCK Katharina HE Jia Yue OLSSON Maria I T GROOTEL Sanne Van MARTINY Sarah E SCHMADER Toni LAAR Colette Van SCHUSTER Carolin MEEUSSEN Loes HÄSSLER Tabea CROFT Alyssa WEE Sheila X R SUN Molly Shuyi AINSAAR Mare AARNTZEN Lianne ADAMUS Magdalena ATKINSON Ciara AVICENNA Mohamad BĄBEL Przemysław BARTH Markus BENSON-GREENWALD Tessa M MALOKU Edona BERENT Jacques BERGSIEKER Hilary B BIERNAT Monica BÎRNEANU Andreea G BODINAKU Blerta BOSAK Janine BOSSON Jennifer BRANKOVIĆ Marija BURKAUSKAS Julius KURINCOVÁ ČAVOJOVÁ Vladimíra CHERYAN Sapna CHOI Eunsoo CHOI Incheol CONTRERAS-IBÁNEZ Carlos C COOGAN Andrew DANYLIUK Ivan DAR-NIMROD Ilan DASGUPTA Nilanjana LEMUS Soledad de DEVOS Thierry DIAB Marwan DIEKMAN Amanda B EISNER Léila ELLER Anja ERENTAITE Rasa FEDÁKOVÁ Denisa FRANC Renata GARTZIA Leire GAVRELIUC Alin GAVRELIUC Dana GECAITE-STONCIENE Julija GERMANO Adriana L GIOVANNELLI Ilaria DIAZ Renzo Gismondi GITIKHMAYEVA Lyudmila GIZAW Abiy Menkir GJONESKA Biljana GONZÁLEZ Omar Martínez GONZÁLEZ Roberto GRIJALVA Isaac David GÜNGÖR Derya SENDÉN Marie Gustafsson HALL William HARB Charles HASSAN Bushra HAWI Diala R HENNINGSEN Levke HOPPE Annedore ISHII Keiko JAKŠIĆ Ivana JASINI Alba JURKEVIČIENE Jurgita KELMENDI Kaltrina KIRBY Teri A KITAKAJI Yoko KOSAKOWSKA-BEREZECKA Natasza KOZYTSKA Inna KULICH Clara KUNDTOVÁ KLOCOVÁ Eva KUNUROGLU Filiz AIDY Christina Lapytskaia LEE Albert ENEROTH Anna LÓPEZ-LÓPEZ Wilson LUZVINDA Liany MARICCHIOLO Fridanna MARTINOT Delphine MCNAMARA Rita Anne MEISTER Alyson MELKA Tizita Lemma MICKUVIENE Narseta MIRANDA-ORREGO María Isabel MKAMWA Thadeus MORANDINI James MORTON Thomas MRISHO David NIKITIN Jana OTTEN Sabine PACILLI Maria Giuseppina PAGE-GOULD Elizabeth PERANDRÉS-GÓMEZ Ana PIZARRO Jon POP-JORDANOVA Nada PYRKOSZ-PACYNA Joanna QOUTA Samir RAMIS TamilSelvan RANI Nitya REDERSDORFF Sandrine RÉGNER Isabelle RENSTRÖM Emma A RIVERA-RODRIGUEZ Adrian ROCHA-SÁNCHEZ Tania E SAAB Rim SAKATA Kiriko SAMEKIN Adil SÁNCHEZ-PACHECHO Tracy SCHEIFELE Carolin SCHULMEYER Marion K SCZESNY Sabine SIRLOPÚ David SMITH-CASTRO Vanessa SOO Kadri SPACCATINI Federica STEELE Jennifer R STEFFENS Melanie C SUCIC Ines VANDELLO Joseph VELÁSQUEZ-DÍAZ Laura Maria VINK Melissa VIVES Eva WARKINEH Turuwark Zalalam ŽEŽELJ Iris ZHANG Xiaoxiao ZHAO Xian ANDERSON Joel

Year of publication 2026
Type Peer-reviewed scientific article
Magazine / Source European Journal of Social Psychology
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Arts

Citation
web https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.70083
Doi https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.70083
Keywords career interest; gender differences; gender norms; LGBTQ; queer
Attached files
Description Societal gender role norms play a crucial role in shaping men's and women's career aspirations. However, prior research documenting this key role of gendered norms has primarily focused on heterosexual women and men in the global North-West. Previous studies documenting differences in career interests by sexual orientation suggest that gender role norms might affect lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) women and men less strongly than heterosexuals. This large-scale, preregistered study sought to document group differences in norm perceptions, career interests and their relationship. To this end, 18,351 university students (n = 3318 LGB, n = 15,033 heterosexual) from 46 countries completed a self-report survey about their gender, sexual orientation, perceptions of societal gender role norms, as well as their personal gender role beliefs and career interests. Analyses revealed that, compared to heterosexual individuals, LGB individuals reported significantly less stereotypical career interests and endorsed less traditional gender role beliefs about careers. As predicted, perceptions of societal gender role norms predicted career interests for heterosexual but not for LGB participants. Moreover, LGB participants showed a weaker relationship between societal gender role norms and own gender role beliefs than straight participants did. Interestingly, we found no evidence that this effect was conditional on the level of LGBT acceptance in different countries sampled. We discuss implications of this new evidence for understanding occupational gender segregation from an intersectional perspective.
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