TOI-4504: Exceptionally Large Transit Timing Variations Induced by Two Resonant Warm Gas Giants in a Three-planet System

• Autoři: VÍTKOVÁ Michaela; BRAHM Rafael; TRIFONOV Trifon; KABATH Petr; JORDAN Andres; HENNING Thomas; HOBSON Melissa J; EBERHARDT Jan; PINTO Marcelo Tala; ROJAS Felipe I; ESPINOZA Nestor; SCHLECKER Martin; JONES Matias I; MOYANO Maximiliano; EYHERAMENDY Susana; ZIEGLER Carl; LISSAUER Jack J; VANDERBURG Andrew; COLLINS Karen A; WOHLER Bill; WATANABE David; RICKER George R; VANDERSPEK Roland; SEAGER Sara; WINN Joshua N; JENKINS Jon M; SKARKA Marek
• Rok publikování: 2025
• Druh: Článek v odborném periodiku
• Časopis / Zdroj: Astrophysical Journal Letters
• Fakulta / Pracoviště MU: Přírodovědecká fakulta

www

• https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.05609
• https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad9a53

• Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad9a53
• Klíčová slova: Exoplanet dynamics; Transit photometry; Transit timing variation method; Radial velocity
• Popis: We present a joint analysis of transit timing variations (TTVs) and Doppler data for the transiting exoplanet system TOI-4504. TOI-4504 c is a warm Jupiter-mass planet that exhibits the largest known TTVs, with a peak-to-node amplitude of similar to 2 days, the largest value ever observed, and a superperiod of similar to 930 days. TOI-4504 b and c were identified in public Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) data, while the TTVs observed in TOI-4504 c, together with radial velocity (RV) data collected with FEROS, allowed us to uncover a third, nontransiting planet in this system, TOI-4504 d. We were able to detect transits of TOI-4504 b in the TESS data with a period of 2.4261 +/- 0.0001 days and derive a radius of 2.69 +/- 0.19 R-circle plus. The RV scatter of TOI-4504 was too large to constrain the mass of TOI-4504 b, but the RV signals of TOI-4504 c and d were sufficiently large to measure their masses. The TTV+RV dynamical model we apply confirms TOI-4504 c as a warm Jupiter planet with an osculating period of 82.54 +/- 0.02 days, a mass of 3.77 +/- 0.18 M-J, and a radius of 0.99 +/- 0.05 R-J, while the nontransiting planet TOI-4504 d has an orbital period of 40.56 +/- 0.04 days and a mass of 1.42(-0.06)(+0.07)M(J). We present the discovery of a system with three exoplanets: a hot sub-Neptune and two warm Jupiter planets. The gas giant pair is stable and likely locked in a first-order 2:1 mean-motion resonance (MMR). The TOI-4504 system is an important addition to MMR pairs, whose increasing occurrence supports a smooth migration into a resonant configuration during the protoplanetary disk phase.