Postavení imunoterapie v léčbě nemalobuněčného karcinomu plic

• Title in English: The role of immunotherapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer
• Authors: KADLEC Bohdan
• Year of publication: 2018
• Type: Article in Periodical
• Magazine / Source: Onkologie
• Web: odkaz Scopus
• Keywords: Advanced NSCLC; Immunotherapy; PD-1; PD-L1
• Description: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the Czech Republic and worldwide. Of all lung cancer cases at least 80 % are non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). For patients with advanced-stage NSCLC, modern platinum doublet chemotherapy results in a median overall survival (OS) of 10 months. Recently, personalized therapy for patients with tumors with specific molecular biological characteristics, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors for tumors with activating EGFR mutations, has resulted in better OS outcomes in these biologically selected subgroups. Significant improvement in overall survival (OS) has been achieved in recent years with targeted treatment, but only effective in a small amount of patients. In addition to the remarkable progress made with targeted drugs, such as EGFR and ALK inhibitors in tumor-bearing control mutations, much hope also resides in immunotherapy. Lung cancer immunotherapy has not been successful in the past. In the last decade, however, a better understanding of the immune system and identification of relevant target antigens has made it possible to test new therapies with promising results. The breakthrough treatment in NSCLC immunotherapy represent monoclonal antibodies against the immune response checkpoints, especially antibodies to the PD-1 cell death programmed receptor and its ligand PD-L1. The challenge remains to identify the most effective treatment sequence involving immunotherapy, to understand the mechanisms of resistance of checkpoint inhibitors and to identify biomarkers for the optimal benefit from immunotherapy for NSCLC patients. © 2018 SOLEN s.r.o..All Rights Reserved.