Publication details

Epigenetic Regulation of MicroRNA Clusters and Families during Tumor Development

Authors

GREGOROVÁ Jana VYCHYTILOVÁ Petra ŠEVČÍKOVÁ Sabina

Year of publication 2021
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Cancers
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Medicine

Citation
Web https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/6/1333
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13061333
Keywords microRNA clusters; microRNA families; epigenetics; tumor development; DNA methylation; histone modifications; epigenetic therapy
Description MicroRNAs are small non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules regulating gene expression on a post-transcriptional level based on the seed sequence similarity. They are frequently clustered; thus, they are either simultaneously transcribed into a single polycistronic transcript or they may be transcribed independently. Importantly, microRNA families that contain the same seed region and thus target related signaling proteins, may be localized in one or more clusters, which are in a close relationship. MicroRNAs are involved in basic physiological processes, and their deregulation is associated with the origin of various pathologies, including solid tumors or hematologic malignancies. Recently, the interplay between the expression of microRNA clusters and families and epigenetic machinery was described, indicating aberrant DNA methylation or histone modifications as major mechanisms responsible for microRNA deregulation during cancerogenesis. In this review, the most studied microRNA clusters and families affected by hyper- or hypomethylation as well as by histone modifications are presented with the focus on particular mechanisms. Finally, the diagnostic and prognostic potential of microRNA clusters and families is discussed together with technologies currently used for epigenetic-based cancer therapies.

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