Publication details
EFEKTIVITA FERÁTŮ (FEVI) A NANOŽELEZA (FE0) V ODSTRAŇOVÁNÍ VYBRANÝCH MIKROPOLUTANTŮ V ODPADNÍ VODĚ
| Title in English | Efficiency of Ferrates (Fe(VI)) and Nano Iron (Fe⁰) in the Removal of Selected Micropollutants in Wastewater |
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| Year of publication | 2025 |
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| Description | Currently, increasing emphasis is placed on the quality of discharged wastewater due to its impact on environmental protection and human health. According to the proposed amendment to Directive 91/271/EEC, wastewater treatment plants are required to remove a broad spectrum of micropollutants. The list of indicator micropollutants, which should be removed by more than 80 % in municipal wastewater treatment plants, primarily includes pharmaceuticals. New quaternary processes for reducing micropollutant contamination in wastewater are being actively researched. Advanced oxidative-reductive processes present a promising approach. Oxidation and reduction processes involving active iron compounds have been previously tested for removing microorganisms, heavy metals, bisphenols, and other organic compounds, with limited studies addressing antibiotics. Potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) and zero-valent iron nanoparticles (Fe0) were tested under laboratory conditions, and their effectiveness in removing selected micropollutants (according to the proposed Directive 91/271/EEC) from wastewater discharged by a treatment plant with a capacity of 600,000 PE was evaluated. The efficiency of the oxidation process (Fe6+) in removing indicator micropollutants averaged 20–30 %, but in certain cases, it exceeded the required 80 % (e.g., Diclofenac). The reductive processes (Fe0) achieved an average removal efficiency of 40–50 %. Using zero-valent iron, the required minimum 80 % removal efficiency was achieved for benzotriazole and 4,5-methylbenzotriazole. The efficiency was influenced by the applied dose of the oxidative-reductive agent, exposure time, and wastewater pH. |