Informace o publikaci

Antagonism of Adenosine A1 or A2A Receptors Amplifies the Effects of MDMA on Glial Activation in the Mouse Brain: Relevance to Caffeine–MDMA Interactions

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KHAIRNAR Amit Suresh FRAU Lucia PLUMITALLO Antonio MORELLI Micaela SIMOLA Nicola

Rok publikování 2014
Druh Článek v odborném periodiku
Časopis / Zdroj Journal of Caffeine Research
Fakulta / Pracoviště MU

Středoevropský technologický institut

Citace
www http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/jcr.2014.0006
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jcr.2014.0006
Obor Neurologie, neurochirurgie, neurovědy
Klíčová slova the Effects of MDMA; Antagonism of Adenosine A1 or A2A;
Popis 3,4-Methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ‘‘ecstasy’’) is a recreational drug very popular in settings such as dance parties and raves.1 MDMA is usually sold on the illegal market as tablets which, besides the drug itself, often contain several impurities, including other psychoactive substances.2 Caffeine is one of the most common of these contaminants,3–5 and this suggests that the unintentional combined consumption of caffeine and MDMA is very likely in people who take this amphetamine-related drug. In addition, the habit of consuming caffeinated beverages together with psychostimulants, to attenuate the endof- dose side effects of these drugs, has increased since the introduction of the so-called energy drinks. Because of this, the possible pharmacological interactions between MDMA and caffeine deserve full consideration. In fact, even though the harmful effects of caffeine itself are narrowed to selected categories of individuals,6 this substance can become dangerous when taken together with MDMA, as clearly demonstrated by previous studies showing that caffeine profoundly increases both the hyperthermia and tachycardia elicited by this amphetamine-related drug
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